Sensor Scan: Close Encounters of the Third Kind
“’You’re probably right, but that’s not what the public is expecting — this is Hollywood and I want to give people something that’s close to what they expect”
-Steven Spielberg to Jacques Vallée
It is named, of course, after J. Allen Hynek’s system of classification. Hynek was an astronomer who worked with the United States Air Force as a scientific consultant into their studies into the UFO phenomenon, most famously Project Blue Book. Initially a staunch skeptic, Hynek’s views began to change as he investigated more and more and more cases and it became less and less easy for him to discount the credibility of the witnesses he interviewed. After a falling out with the Air Force, Hynek spent the rest of his life investigating UFO cases on a personal basis, and is considering the pioneer of scientific research into UFOs. His famous scale is as follows, in order of increasing high strangeness:
- Nocturnal Lights: Sightings of unexplained lights in the night sky.
- Daylight Discs: Sightings of disc-shaped objects during the daytime.
- Radar-Visual: Confirmed radar hits.
- Close Encounters of the First Kind: A UFO observed less than 500 feet away.
- Close Encounters of the Second Kind: A UFO, sighted less than 500 feet away, with a seemingly discernible physical effect.
- Close Encounters of the Third Kind: A UFO sighted less than 500 feet away, accompanied by sightings of animated beings.
That Steven Spielberg named a movie after Hynek’s scale (not to mention casting Hynek himself as an extra in the climactic meeting with the Mothership, along with UFOlogist Stanton Friedman, famous for his interest in the Roswell case) is well known for being the impetus for it becoming ingrained in pop consciousness. But it also reveals the extent to which Close Encounters of the Third Kind is genuinely indebted to a specific philosophy: Friedman’s presence aside, this is not actually a movie about UFOlogy. Indeed, ironically in spite of his influence on the field, Hynek was not what we’d think of today as a UFOlogist and the work he did would likely be met with some suspicion, if not outright scorn, in modern UFOlogy.
No, Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a movie about spiritualism, childhood, wonder, and the sacred music of the universe. And that makes it pretty much the single most important and powerful work we’ve looked at so far.
Steven Spielberg, as a creative figure, is often criticized for his fixation on a somewhat vapid notion of “childlike wonder”, and there is something to that. Spielberg has always privileged the child’s perspective (or what he perceives a child’s perspective to be) and does seem to feel there’s something genuinely special about the way children see the world. And certainly it can be argued that starting with E.T. he begins to dutifully recite these themes as comfortable platitudes film after film. But, in regards to Close Encounters of the Third Kind in particular, two things really need to be established early on: One, though this is Spielberg’s first post-Jaws work, he’s still something of an up-and-coming filmmaker coasting on the latter film’s success.…
A Pair of Links
An extra post this week, even if it is quite short. Because I have a pair of links you might be interested in, dear readers.
First, Jessica Greenlee and the fabulous folk at Fanboy Nation have an interview with me up, which you can read right here.
Second, if you’ve noticed the fact that there’s a pretty picture as the banner on the Last War in Albion Kickstarter. And that the cover of the Last War in Albion ebooks is now a really cool and well-designed cover as opposed to the vast expanse of monochrome paisley that dominates this blog. As is usually the case when things I’ve done look nice, it’s down to James Taylor, who has a blog post describing how he made both images up here.
See you tomorrow with The Great Game.
Also, we’re only about $250 from the first stretch goal, and $1250 from the accelerated schedule on the Sarah Jane Adventures posts. Thanks again to everybody. Please continue spreading the word, or, if you haven’t spread the word, go about doing so.…
Outside the Government: The Blind Banker
First off, I want to thank everybody for a fantastic first few days on the Last War in Albion Kickstarter. It’s doing better than I’d imagined.
I wanted to throw another announcement of it out alongside a proper Eruditorum post so I could stress the fact that all Kickstarter backers get to read the Doctor Who-related project I’m working on as it’s serialized. The first chapter of it is already up as a backer-exclusive update, and I should have the second one up soon.
I’ve also added a new reward tier – a full set of Eruditorum Press books (TARDIS Eruditorum 1-4 and A Golden Thread, along with the Last War in Albion book) in paperback. That’s $100, but if you’re quick and one of the first ten people to get over there, you can get it for $80.
If that’s not enough to tempt you, I’m adding two unofficial stretch goals – if the Kickstarter can hit $6000 by the end of the week, I’ll resume thrice weekly posting for the remaining Sarah Jane Adventures stories, thus getting to Season Six just a little bit faster. And if it makes it to $8000, I’ll go thrice weekly for Miracle Day as well, shortening the mid-series gap for Season Six. I figure that while covering both is a necessary part of the blog, it’s nobody except for the person who’s going to pop up in comments objecting to this claim’s favorite stretch, and we might as well give ourselves a way to make it go a bit faster.
Sensor Scan: Star Wars
You didn’t think I was really going to skip this one, did you?
But this is going to be a different sort of Star Wars retrospective then is perhaps the expected norm. Because I really find all the major things that can be said about this movie to be not only obvious, but commonly accepted knowledge. And ultimately because, one or two points notwithstanding, the legacy and impact of Star Wars are not actually especially important here in Star Trek land.
The major intersection between Star Wars and Star Trek I can think of is far more materialistic than inspirational: Paramount’s decision to scrap Star Trek Phase II and greenlight Star Trek: The Motion Picture instead would seem to be the standard response, but that actually had far more to do with Close Encounters of the Third Kind then it did with Episode IV, as during the period between the two films everyone largely assumed Star Wars was a fluke and science fiction held no promise for regular, reliable success at the box office. The only other thing I can think of off the top of my head is the frequent description of Benjamin Sisko’s story as a “Hero’s Journey”, which to me is just as much about a fundamental failure to understand what Star Trek: Deep Space Nine was supposed to be about then it is about Star Wars cementing itself into the collective Western consciousness.
I am, of course, expected to talk about Joseph Campbell, the Myth of the Hero, how Star Wars draws on many myth and story archetypes from around the world and how that transformed not only the pop culture landscape, but how people respond to all stories at an instinctual level. It’s had an incalculable impact on entire generations of writers and readers alike, and I’m sure you all are waiting for me to say something about it. The thing is, absolutely everybody who has ever written about Star Wars has talked about this: Star Wars is, in fact, one of the most overanalysed and overstudied works of fiction in history. I’ll just let James Rolfe explain this in a far more heartfelt, poignant and personal way then I could ever manage, and then call in Phil Sandifer to make the case for the prosecution (in spite of me largely disagreeing completely with his opinion of Star Trek) and to point out the problems with the Campbellian approach. I have literally nothing more to contribute.
One observation I will make is that one of the reasons at least the original Star Wars had the impact it did was because it is very good at building a sense of a larger pre-exisiting world and history that we only get fleeting glimpses of. Everything from the famous opening text crawl, to Obi-Wan telling Luke about the mysterious and long-departed Jedi, to the Jawa merchants and the canteen on Tatooine (with its twin suns) to the Empire itself, is described in terms that make them seem equally wondrous, fantastical and mundane.…
Flying Was The Best Bit (The Last War in Albion Part 42: The Origins of Captain Britain)
Hello everyone. I’m currently running a Kickstarter to help fund the continuation of The Last War in Albion. Right now we’re funded through Book Two, which will focus on Watchmen, and are well on our way to the first stretch goal, which will guarantee Book Three. Please consider contributing to help this blog keep going and this blogger keep eating food.
This is the second of ten parts of Chapter Seven of The Last War in Albion, focusing on Alan Moore’s work on Captain Britain for Marvel UK. An omnibus of the entire is available for the ereader of your choice here. You can also get an omnibus of all seven existent chapters of the project here or on Amazon (UK).
The stories discussed in this chapter are currently out of print in the US with this being the most affordable collection. For UK audiences, they are still in print in these two collections.
Previously in The Last War in Albion: Marvel Comics traces its origins back to 1939, but in its modern incarnation dates to 1961 when Jack Kirby and Stan Lee created The Fantastic Four and a string of further hits. By the 1970s, however, Marvel had largely moved on to its second generation of talent.
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Figure 313: As was the norm for debuts of British comics, the first issue of The Mighty World of Marvel featured a free and thoroughly lame gift. |
As part of this corporate expansion, Marvel decided to look into foreign markets, specifically the United Kingdom. Short of Odhams’ Power Comics line that gave Steve Moore his comics industry breakthrough, Marvel comics had no official UK distribution, famously arriving as ballast on ships that was then sold off in an entirely unlicensed and functionally unregulated market that made following individual series difficult. In 1972, three years after Odhams was absorbed by IPC and dropped the Marvel license, Marvel decided to take matters into their own hands by creating a UK-based publisher that would distribute Marvel work for the UK comics market. Recognizing that the British and American comics markets were fundamentally different media, with the UK dominated by weekly black and white anthologies as opposed to the monthly color comics featuring a single story of the US market, Marvel UK kicked off its line at the end of September with The Mighty World of Marvel, an anthology that initially featured Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, and the Hulk. Five months later they added Spider-Man Comics Weekly to the line-up, bringing Thor and Iron Man to the UK market as well.
Sarcasm and Chips
Every time I read The Prince I become more convinced that it is a work of sarcasm. Not conscious sarcasm perhaps, but sarcasm nonetheless.
It is the product of bitter disappointment and disillusion. This man, Machiavelli, had been a fierce Florentine patriot, a republican, a defender of the revolutionary city after the popular ousting of the plutocratic Medici psuedo-kings. He lost the game and, having been tortured and exiled, he sat and wrote what is supposed to be a job application to the triumphant Medici… and it turns into the first open admission (in modern European letters) that ethics and politics are separate and often irreconcilable.
It is coded, deliberately or not, to imply that the failure of Republican hopes in the face of the Medici stemmed from a failure to be sufficiently ruthless against them, to be as utterly cynical as the Medici themselves. In the process, Machiavelli praises Cesare Borgia as the perfect Prince. The Medici had regained their status in Florence partly owing to an alliance with the bellicose Pope Julius II, who had been one of the Borgia’s most implacable enemies.
Gramsci famously argued that the book was aimed at the common man, because the leaders to whom it was supposedly addressed already knew everything Machiavelli was saying. They just didn’t talk about it. In this reading, The Prince might become the whistleblowing of ruling-class secrets. If you convert much of the advice into mordant irony, you find a book that laments a world in which people like the Medici can prosper precisely through a secretive, two-faced instrumentalism based on the most pessimistic view of mankind possible. Of course, for the Prince himself, the most pessimistic view of mankind is actually the most optimistic, because it posits humanity as a weak and easily-exploited mass of flesh-puppets.
The essentially double-edged nature of the rise of modernity (i.e. bourgeois social relations) is expressed in the book’s implicit recognition of this. Part of the promise of modernity, of its greater openness and ductility and possibility, is an inextricable co-habitee: opportunistic political tyranny based on the utilisation of people as counters, bargaining chips. Money. To be banked, exchanged, invested, harvested. The market is the basis of Medici power. They make society a market in which people are the tokens.
Machiavelli may have come to accept this view in the counter-revolutionary period after the fall of the Florentine Republic he championed, but I don’t think his disillusion equates to an easy reconciliation with the kind of ‘realpolitik’ people often take from the book. On the contrary, the book seems more like Michaelangelo’s Last Judgement on the wall of the Sistine Chapel – a work of melancholy recognition of the failure of the liberatory promise of the renaissance, destined to be perpetually overlooked by the ceiling upon which the optimism is forever frozen.…
The Last Kickstarter in Albion
The Last War in Albion will post on Saturday this week.
I’m pleased to announce that the Kickstarter for The Last War in Albion is now up and running right here.
I’ll start with the most important thing here: please spread the word. Really. If you would be so kind as to go to Twitter, Tumblr, Facebook, or whatever social media you use and tweet that link with some message about how you think it’s a really cool project, it will help massively. This sort of thing lives or dies by how well it’s promoted. Even if you have only a handful of followers, it adds up fast. So please. Spread the word.
OK – now for details.
This Kickstarter will back a couple of things – a book version of the first volume of The Last War in Albion, which will collect the seven existing chapters along with four more that will bring us to the edge of Watchmen. It’ll also fund the blog version of Book Two, which will cover Watchmen itself in an ambitiously elaborate format that explores the whole world around the comic, structured in careful and meticulous parallel to the comic itself. That’ll be the most madly ambitious thing I’ve ever written, and I’m really looking forward to it.
Finally, it’ll fund the oft mentioned Secret Doctor Who Project, which I’m serializing as I write it to Kickstarter backers. The first chapter is already available as a backer-exclusive update on the Kickstarter. I’m having a blast writing that, and I think it’s something pretty much everyone who reads this blog will enjoy. (And even if you don’t back the Kickstarter, don’t worry – the Doctor Who project will see the light of day in its own right. You’ll just get to see it sooner if you back.)
And that’s not counting the stretch goals – every $2500 over budget we go, I’ll commit to another volume of Last War in Albion being written and blogged. So if you like the project, this is an opportunity to make sure it has a good, long run.
But, of course, the real and important thing that the Kickstarter will do is let me keep doing what I do. As I often say, I love my job. I love writing what I do, I love interacting with all of you, I have a fantastic life, and I’m terribly lucky. But the bills maddeningly need paying, and that means that projects can’t just be fun – they have to earn some profit. A successful Kickstarter is what will allow me to keep blogging here, not just about British comics, but about other cool things and ideas I have. If you like this blog and want it to stick around with regularly updated free content, please consider heading over to the Kickstarter and tossing a few bucks at it. Last War in Albion is the marquee item on this Kickstarter, but the nature of a site like this is that all the different bits help support each other.…
Myriad Universes: The Wristwatch Plantation
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The Wristwatch Plantation |
My initial plan here was to follow up both iterations of Star Trek Phase II with a look at the Star Trek comic strip that ran in US newspapers from 1979 to 1983. There are a number of reasons why I wanted to do this, chief among them was that, given its time frame, it would have given me a very nice “third season” of Phase II, putting that show on about equal footing with the Original Series in terms of episode count (or at least episodes *worth* counting) and neatly providing a gap between the first Star Trek movie (which wasn’t actually a movie) and the next two (which were).
Also though, I was really intrigued to learn that, for the majority of its existence, the strip was handled by none other than Sharman DiVono, a television and animation veteran who, along with creator Mark Evanier, was the head writer and co-showrunner of Garfield and Friends, which happens to be one of my favourite television shows of all time. I was genuinely excited by the prospect of a Star Trek overseen by DiVono, and I fully expected to see and be delighted by how she’d apply her wry postmodern humour to the Star Trek universe. But, once I started to prep for this section by reading a few of the strip’s story arcs, I quickly discovered they weren’t actually anything to write home about. They all seemed like quite bog standard and uninspiring pulp action serials set in the Star Trek setting, nothing I had come to expect of DiVono’s work on Garfield was present and, most worrying of all, the first two arcs were beginning to give “Savage Syndrome” a run for its money in terms of offensive depictions of teleological evolution and “primitivism”. Maybe I can blame that on DiVono’s co-writers.
So, because I was nearing the end of my patience as it was (in hindsight, it was a bad sign that I couldn’t come up with anything terribly interesting to say about the actually quite solid and enjoyable “World Enough and Time” and “Enemy: Starfleet”, I decided to scrap that plan, and none of you *really* want to read about mediocre tie-in comics for another month any more than I want to write about them. But, there was one arc I knew I had to cover regardless of what I did with the rest of the strip, because between January and July, 1982, DiVono teamed up with Larry Niven to give us an epic, sprawling return to the Kzinti and the Known Universe with “The Wristwatch Plantation”. Perhaps predictably, judging by how “The Slaver Weapon” turned out, this is just as much of a pulp serial as the rest of the strip’s arcs were, but this is a good one.
But before I leap into the story, I want to take a little time to talk about the strip itself, as this is probably the only time we’re going to engage with it and there are several noteworthy things about it apart from DiVono herself and the rather changeable quality: First of all, I was very, very impressed with Ron Harris’ artwork: Star Trek looks extremely good for a newspaper comic strip, with detailed.…
Thursday Breakfast Leftovers
So, I was going to launch a Kickstarter today, but unfortunately I guessed wrong on how long it would take Kickstarter to approve my Kickstarter, resulting in there being no content for today. I could image up the next section of Last War in Albion and put it up a day early, but honestly, it’s 1am and I’m fighting off the last of a sinus infection and I just don’t have the energy, so I figure I’ll just have the content over the next few days be in random and surprising order.
How dreadful for you! Your counted on blog content, absent! Because of my grotty sinuses! Whatever shall you read instead? What other blogs and websites do you consume when trawling the Internet in your morning “I should probably be doing actual work” crawl? Tell me these things, and then on a day that is not today I’ll post actual content.
But for now there’s at least some good news – the omnibus of Last War in Albion Chapter Seven is ready, with a brand new and beautiful cover from James Taylor.
I’ve decided to cut the price of the omnibi to $1.99, which makes them ill-suited to Amazon (who cut your royalty rate in half if you go below $2.99), and so future single chapter omnibi will only be available via Smashwords. You can still get them for your Kindle and transfer them there – it’s just that it’s the difference between me making $1.40 a book and $.70 a book.
So, Chapter Seven is here.
That said, in celebration of the new cover I’ve compiled the whole shebang so far, including Chapter Seven, into a single ebook. That’s price at $3.99 and so is still available on Amazon (and Amazon UK), as well as being available on Smashwords.…